FREE GUIDE TO TILAPIA FARMING - PART 2

 Tilapis - a delicious fish to fry , baked and grilled










Pool cross section

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POND PREPARATION BEFORE FISH FRIES RELEASE

1. Drain the water from the pond to prevent death from infection.
2. Remove the mud from the bottom of the pond because it will reduce quality of water. In addition, remove all water plants that do not benefit the fish.
3. Sprinkle limestone on the bed, banks and pool limits. Allow at least 2 weeks in the sun. Benefits of application are:
a. Increase the water pH
b. Hardening the bottom of the pond
c. Eliminate parasitic (disease), an enemy fish and plants are not required.
d. The decomposition process organic matter will increase fertility pond.
e. Accelerate the harden process of excessive sediment organic matter in the water.

Soil pH and type of limestone usage table

pH	below 4	4 – 4.5	4.5 – 4.0	5.0 – 5.5	5.5 – 6	6 – 6.5
	Kg/ha
Limestone, CaMg (CO)	3805	3044	2283	1902	1012	888
CaO2 (Quicklime/ Burnt Lime)	2917	2283	1776	1395	761	634
Ca (OH)2 (Hydrated/ Slake Lime)	1903	1522	1142	1015	507	507

Tilapia pool covered with limestone











f. After the bottom of the pond dry and cracked, water is introduced into the pool

Pool : Driedun till the bottom is cracked













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g. After at least 1/3 ponds full of water, fertilizer applied to fertilize fish ponds in content plankton (natural fish food). Water fertilizer sowing rate by type is as follows

Fertilizer type	Recommended Rate
Phosphate
i.         Double Superphosphate (DSP)	400 kg/ ha/ year
ii.        Triple Super Phosphate (TSP)”	340 kg/ ha/ year
Nitrogen
i.      Amonium Sulfate	80 kg/ ha/ year
ii.     Amonium Nitrate	1,350 kg/ ha/ year
iii.    Amonium liquor	550 kg/ ha/ year
iv.    Urea	67 kg/ ha/ year

h. After the fertilizing process, the pond left for  least two weeks  until the water turns green

Tilapia pond : green color water












i. Then the quality of the water tested to fit the requirements as appropriate as follows:

Parameter	Desired Value
i.    Dissolved Oxygen (D.O)	More than 2.5 ppm
ii.   CO2	Less Than 25 ppm
iii.  pH	6 – 8
iv. Water Temp	20 – 35oC (optimum 28 – 32oC)
v.  Ammonia	Less Than 1.0 ppm

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FREE GUIDE TO TILAPIA FARMING - PART 1

INTRODUCTION

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Local Name: Black Tilapia / Red Tilapia
English Name: Black Tilapia / Nile Bream
Scientific name: Oreochromis niloticus
Rate of growth: Can reach 500gm in 6 to 8 months
Market price: 450 gm above = RM8.00 - RM12.00 / kg
Fry = RM 0.20 - RM 1.00 / tail

WHY THE TILAPIA  IS POPULAR

i. Ready market
ii. Fast growth rate
iii. Attractive exteriorcharacteristic for  market
iv. Little bones
v. Tasty meat and suitable for market
vi. Resistant to changes in the environment
vii. A short breeding period
viii. Existing technology for the commercial production
ix. Can be processed into a variety of products

POND SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

1. Appropriate water: rivers, springs, irrigation and natural hill water .
2. Type of soil that can hold water: i.e clay.
3. Flat landscape and as far as possible, try to  choose a site with natural running water to save on electricity costs.
4. Infrastructure such as basic amenities (roads, electricity, etc.), easy to obtain labor, safe from natural disasters such as floods or drought.
5. Easy to market the fish.




POND CONSTRUCTION

1. Make a master plan before building the pool, properly design the pool shape , pools arrangement, buildings allocation, drainage etc..
2. Earthwork to clear the area where the pool will be built.
3. Dig the pond - use heavy machinery for commercial pond or hoe for a small pond.
4. An appropriate depth = about 4 to 5 feet.
5. Construct pond main structure.
a. Stable banks - not easily collapse (banks must be angled at 45 degrees).
b. Drainage/canal  for water in-flow and removal.



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Drainage for water in-flow

Out-Flow via monk type outlet










Example of pool master plan as below

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How to make compost at home -DIY

Compost is a mixture of decaying organic bahan2 can be mixed with soil to make the soil rich in nutrients. It is safe to use, does not require the associated costs and large beneficial. Vegetables we will also look healthy and fertile.

Guide on how to make the best compost is here Click Here!

How to make compost

Find a place away from home preferably a place in the back yard to make quite the little hole, about 1 to 2 feet deep depending on the estimate of the materials to be filled. Usually, we make a hole 2 by 3 feet square and about 2 ft deep. The size is quite reasonable because it can fill in about 6 weeks and ready to use in about 6 weeks later. If we have small children, it is advisable for the safety, creates a barrier / fence around the compost pit. When filling the hole, be sure to turn the occasional rotting bahan2 to make the process faster decay. After a full hole cover with a thin layer of soil and leave it for some time. We can dig and turn the bahan2 rot in the meantime. Identical with the new hole dug, and start filling the empty hole before existing



What to put in a compost pit

Anything that can rot. There are many vegetable peel and residue coming from the kitchen that we can use safely with their work. We always provide a plastic container to fill the kitchen of kitchen waste, then empty it into the hole. We also fill the hole with dry leaves and grass after cleaning the site. In fact over the years after seeing the benefits of using compost at home, we try to fill the hole quickly.
In addition we can also put tree branches soft after trimming the tree in the hole but be sure to cut into small pieces if large sebolae possible because it will take a longer time to decay. If the hole is too dry Pour over affected a little water into it once in a while. This will speed up the process of decay


How to use compost


When the materials were totally decomposed and form a nutrient-rich fertilizer, it dug out and mixed with soil to provide new limits. Usually compost will contain many small insects, it is not advisable to place it directly in the existing garden or on the plant on the same day. We can spread compost dug in the other place and use to existing garden later.

Maintain compost at home is a good habit and should be nurtured in the family. In fact, always emphasizing reuse, and recycling

Greenhouse DIY

the wall mini-greenhouse to protect plants from the cold, and do not take too much space. You can create a mini-greenhouse on your own, use one long wooden wine racks and a clear acrylic sheet - Acrylic -. Using a hammer, gently push the wall wine rack, and remove all nails as possible. Save the wall, you will need it. 
Making a sloping roof. Measure 3 inches down from the top front corner on each side of the box and take a straight line from this point on the upper back corner. Cut along each line, using a hand saw. Cut two strips of 1.5 cm from the wall of the box, he was released early. 
Glue strip in the middle of each side to create a framework to support the shelf. When the glue dries, paint the frame and wooden slats. Using dimensional wine box as a template, cut the Plexiglas door, and your greenhouse roof rack. 
Strip cut pieces fit around the edge of Plexiglas door and the roof, and then put them on your end. Glue the roof. When dry, place the box and attach depending on the door with wood screws. Screw the door hinge. Glue the handle.

or you can refer to this guide for complete guide Click Here!  

Organic Farm Basics

Organic Farming

Organic farming is a production system which avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Apart from that, operators take measures to protect the environment and preserve biodiversity. Compost, animal dung, crop residues, green manure crops and legumes and organic fertilizers are used to improve soil fertility and crop as fertilizer. To address the problem of pests, diseases and weeds methods of mechanical, physical, cultural, including crop rotation and biological control practice.

From farm crops cultivated under organic farming systems safe from chemical residues that are not desired.


Malaysian Organic Scheme (SOM)

SOM is a certification program to recognize the farm owner farm cultivation according to the requirements specified in the standard (standard) national organic, MS 1529:2001.

Scope

Skom scheme in the initial focus on the production and handling (including packing, storage, transportation and sales directly) organic plant food.

Basic Certification

This scheme is based on adherence to the characteristics set out in the national organic standards. This standard sets out the requirements relating to the production, packaging, storage, transportation and sales continued organic food crops.

Among the things taken into consideration in this scheme are:

Suitability of planting site
The transition from conventional production systems to organic production systems
Pesticide residues and heavy metals
Crop buffer and buffer zone distance
Soil fertility management
Water management
The use of seeds and planting materials
Use of fertilizer materials, soil and material condioners pest
Management of weeds, diseases and pests
Packaging, storage and transportation of farm
Sales continued product
Storage of records
Implementation of

The scheme is implemented by the Department of Agriculture. Farm inspections carried out by the inspectors, and the decision to approve a farm as organic or made by a Certification Committee comprising of members from various government departments / agencies.

Benefits to producers

Products produced from farms that have been certified may be labeled as organic and the right to use Malaysia Organic logo on their products. With this label, the product can be marketed as an organic product with a commensurate price.

Benefits to consumers

Consumer confidence in the product can be purchased is really organic and contain no chemical residues because of unwanted organic standards-compliant countries.

Benefits to the environment and workers

Because of chemical fertilizers and pesticides prohibited under organic farming system, directly to the environment or in cases of poisoning among entrepreneurs and workers is reduced.

Who can join the scheme?

The scheme is open to all operators involved in the production of organic food crops