INTRODUCTION
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Local Name: Black Tilapia / Red Tilapia
English Name: Black Tilapia / Nile Bream
Scientific name: Oreochromis niloticus
Rate of growth: Can reach 500gm in 6 to 8 months
Market price: 450 gm above = RM8.00 - RM12.00 / kg
Fry = RM 0.20 - RM 1.00 / tail
WHY THE TILAPIA IS POPULAR
i. Ready market
ii. Fast growth rate
iii. Attractive exteriorcharacteristic for market
iv. Little bones
v. Tasty meat and suitable for market
vi. Resistant to changes in the environment
vii. A short breeding period
viii. Existing technology for the commercial production
ix. Can be processed into a variety of products
POND SITE SELECTION CRITERIA
1. Appropriate water: rivers, springs, irrigation and natural hill water .
2. Type of soil that can hold water: i.e clay.
3. Flat landscape and as far as possible, try to choose a site with natural running water to save on electricity costs.
4. Infrastructure such as basic amenities (roads, electricity, etc.), easy to obtain labor, safe from natural disasters such as floods or drought.
5. Easy to market the fish.
POND CONSTRUCTION
1. Make a master plan before building the pool, properly design the pool shape , pools arrangement, buildings allocation, drainage etc..
2. Earthwork to clear the area where the pool will be built.
3. Dig the pond - use heavy machinery for commercial pond or hoe for a small pond.
4. An appropriate depth = about 4 to 5 feet.
5. Construct pond main structure.
a. Stable banks - not easily collapse (banks must be angled at 45 degrees).
b. Drainage/canal for water in-flow and removal.
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Drainage for water in-flow
Example of pool master plan as below
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